how much omega-3 for adhd child

The outcome measure selected from each included trial was the difference in mean improvement between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and placebo group in a clinical rating scale measuring ADHD severity over the course of the trial. However, given its relatively benign side-effect profile and evidence of modest efficacy, it may be reasonable to use omega-3 fatty supplementation to augment traditional pharmacological interventions or for families who decline other psychopharmacological options. However, given evidence of modest efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and given its relatively benign side-effect profile, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, particularly with higher doses of EPA, is a reasonable treatment strategy as augmentation to traditional pharmacotherapy or for those families reticent to use psychopharmacological agents. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. A meta-analysis. linoleic acid) are much more abundant than omega-3 fatty acids or their precursors (e.g. Sadly, as we get older, we have to deal with slight memory loss, some confusio Increasingly, people are turning to a vegetarian or even a vegan diet. We identified 4 potentially eligible trials from the references of relevant reviews. The proportion of dropouts within trials employing completers' analysis was not significantly associated with measured efficacy of supplementation (=0.51 (95% CI: 0.281.29), t=1.46, p=0.18). Our primary outcome measure was standardized mean difference in rating scales of ADHD severity. By contrast, the omega-3 fatty acid supplementation trials examining childhood ADHD have employed 26117 participants. We would also recommend these trials utilize supplements with high concentrations of EPA, an omega-3 fatty acid, given the evidence of a dose-response relationship in meta-regression. Coyle JT. In the Western diet omega-6 fatty acids or their precursors (e.g. Fatty acid status and behavioural symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescents: a case-control study. Antalis CJ, Stevens LJ, Campbell M, Pazdro R, Ericson K, Burgess JR. Omega-3 fatty acid status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Essential fatty acid metabolism in boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Trials that relied on completers' analysis (SMD=0.32 (95%CI: 0.120.52) z=3.09, p=0.002) did not demonstrate a significantly greater efficacy (Test for subgroup differences: Chi2 = 0, df = 1 (P = 0.98), I2 = 0%) of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation than trials that utilized ITT or modified ITT analysis methods (SMD=0.31 (95%CI: 0.080.55), z=2.6, p=0.009). Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, particularly with higher doses of EPA, was modestly effective in the treatment of ADHD. It takes time to reach a correct diagnosis. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. Omega-3 fatty acids: evidence basis for treatment and future research in psychiatry. These results reporting a significant benefit of omega-3 supplementation stand in contrast to the conclusions of most of the individual trials included in meta-analysis. Naturally, ADHD demands a multi-faceted approach, in which every aspect of treatment is important. We found no significant difference in the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation based on whether they were given as monotherapy versus as augmentation to other traditional ADHD medications (Test for subgroup differences: Chi2 = 0.45, df = 1 (P = 0.50, I2 = 0%). EPA and DHA are the Omega 3 fatty acids from fish oil. 2021 Nestl. tourette Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Bloch and Qawasmi report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest to disclose, National Library of Medicine We found no significant effect of study quality on the measured efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in the treatment of ADHD (Test for subgroup differences: Chi2 = 0.41, df = 1 (P = 0.52), I2 = 0%). We additionally searched for unpublished or ongoing trials on the cinicaltrials.gov website using search terms fatty acid, omega-3 OR omega-6 and ADHD. Observational studies suggest that a low level of Omega 3 in the blood is associated with a higher probability of ADHD symptoms. Clinical practice guideline: diagnosis and evaluation of the child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Data were available for only 8 of 10 eligible trials for these analyses and involved 602 participants. Learn more Doses of other omega-3 fatty acids within supplements such as DHA (=0.24 (95% CI: 0.541.02), t=0.70, p=0.50) and ALA (=1.71 (95% CI: 4.621.19), t=1.33, p=0.22) were not significantly associated with the measured efficacy of supplements. Trials in which other psychoactive substances were started at the same time as omega-3 fatty acid supplementation were also excluded. Arnold LE, Kleykamp D, Votolato NA, Taylor WA, Kontras SB, Tobin K. Gamma-linolenic acid for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: placebo-controlled comparison to D-amphetamine. - Barragn E, Breuer D, Dpfner M. Efficacy and Safety of Omega-3/6 Fatty Acids, Methylphenidate, and a Combined Treatment in Children With ADHD. All meta-analytic methods and sensitivity analyses were specified prior to conducting the meta-analysis but were not registered online. A meta-analysis of clonidine for symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. We searched PubMED for randomized, placebo-controlled trials examining omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in children with ADHD symptomatology. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43(3):534-545. Publication bias was assessed by plotting the effect size against sample size for each trial (funnel plot).30 Publication bias was also statistically tested by testing the association between sample size and effect size in meta-regression. Standard mean difference (SMD) was chosen as the summary statistic for meta-analysis and calculated by pooling the standardized mean improvement of each study using RevMan 5. On your next purchase, when you join our mail list. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that our findings were identical if we used a random effects model. PubMED (1965-December 2010) was searched by two reviewers (MHB and AQ) for relevant trials using the search strategy (Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity[Mesh] AND Fatty Acids, Unsaturated[Mesh]). Trials were weighted using the generic inverse variance method. Methylphenidate is the medication used in ADHD, but there are some drawbacks. An official website of the United States government. FOIA Sontrop J, Campbell MK. 8600 Rockville Pike Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. In particular, clinical trials involving at least 330 children with ADHD are needed to demonstrate efficacy of these supplements. For secondary analysis, we used the same methodology as above to examine the effect of omega-3 supplementation for the symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity separately. The references of eligible trials for this meta-analysis as well as any appropriate review articles in this area were additionally searched for citations of further relevant published and unpublished research. More than 70% of children with ADHD respond to psychostimulant medications (i.e. Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. The dominant symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsiveness could only be addressed with a high level of EPA in the fish oil supplement (a daily dose of > 500 mg EPA). Hirayama S, Hamazaki T, Terasawa K. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid-containing food administration on symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - a placebo-controlled double-blind study. Raz R, Gabis L. Essential fatty acids and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. For all subgroup analyses and meta-regression we used the same threshold for statistical significance. We conducted secondary analyses to determine the effects of dosing of different omega-3 fatty acids in supplements. Some children and young people can be treated with Omega 3 alone, others can reduce their medication if it is taken in combination with Omega 3. benefits livestrong Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation demonstrated a small, but significant effect in improving ADHD symptoms. We examined doses of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and -linolenic acid (ALA) in omega-3 fatty acid preparations. ketogenic PMC legacy view Aman MG, Mitchell EA, Turbott SH. In ADHD, certain areas of the brain are less used, and these areas are also 10% smaller in volume. Given the considerable heterogeneity expected in the literature, we also wanted to use meta-regression to examine how the use of different omega-3 fatty acid compositions in supplementation affected treatment efficacy. Richardson AJ, Montgomery P. The Oxford-Durham study: a randomized, controlled trial of dietary supplementation with fatty acids in children with developmental coordination disorder. about navigating our updated article layout. A hierarchy of preferred ADHD rating scale for our primary outcome was established a priori (as opposed to utilizing the ADHD rating scale indentified as primary by the trial investigator) in order to avoid any possible inflation of treatment effects caused by possible reporting bias towards measures that showed the greatest efficacy. Figure 3 is a scatterplot that depicts the relationship between EPA dose and effect size of supplementation for individual trials. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. When the standard deviation of the mean improvement on placebo or omega-3 fatty acid supplementation was not reported in individual studies this was imputed based on the standard deviation of reported baseline and endpoint ADHD severity using Cochrane methodology.29. Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents-meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. ADHD-RS = ADHD rating scale; ALA = -linolenic acid; ASQ = Connors' parental abbreviated symptom questioner; CBCL= Connors' Behavioral Checklist; CPRS-L = Connors' Parents Rating Scale-Long Version; CPRS-R-S = Connors' Parents Rating Scale-Revised Short Version; CTRS-L = Connors' Teachers Rating Scale-Long Version; DBD = Disruptive Behavior Disorders Scale; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; EPA= eicosapentaenoic acid; ITT = intention-to-treat; N = number of individuals contributing data to meta-analysis from trial. Joshi K, Lad S, Kale M, Patwardhan B, Mahadik SP, Patni B, et al. Cell membrane fluidity can alter serotonin and dopamine neurotransmission. This decision is often related to concerns over possible short-term side effects or doubts regarding long-term efficacy or effects on development of these medications.811 Instead, alternative and complementary treatments such as natural supplements are often used by families to treat ADHD.12, Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation is one of the most studied alternative treatments for ADHD.13 Omega-3 fatty acids cannot be synthesized de novo by humans and instead are required in our diet. Gustafsson PA, Birberg-Thornberg U, Duchen K, Landgren M, Malmberg K, Pelling H, et al. Colter AL, Cutler C, Meckling KA. Ten studies involving 699 participants contributed to this analysis. Higher doses of EPA within omega-3 fatty acids supplements were significantly associated with increased efficacy in treating ADHD symptoms (=0.36 (95% CI: 0.010.72), t=2.30, p=0.04, R2=0.37). Johnson M, Ostlund S, Fransson G, Kadesjo B, Gillberg C. Omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in children and adolescents. Combining forces leads to a good result. Figure 2 provides a forest plot depicting the significant benefit of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in the treatment of ADHD. Any trial of an Omega-3 supplement must be given a chance for at least 15 weeks. Freeman MP, Rapaport MH. Higher doses of EPA within essential fatty acids supplements was significantly associated with increased efficacy in treating ADHD symptoms (=0.36 (95% CI: 0.010.72), t=2.34, p=0.04, R2=0.38). The effect of fish oil on physical aggression in schoolchildren--a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. We found no evidence of publication bias or heterogeneity between trials. As many rating scales have excellent psychometric properties in evaluating ADHD, this hierarchy of preferred rating scales for ADHD is not meant to reflect the relative merit of these measures. There was a significant benefit of omega-3 supplementation compared to placebo and no evidence of heterogeneity or publication bias. Furthermore, we demonstrate a significant association between EPA dose in supplements and their measured efficacy. Diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Belanger SA, Vanasse M, Spahis S, Sylvestre MP, Lippe S, L'Heureux F, et al. Figure 1 demonstrates a flow diagram depicting our selection procedure for this meta-analysis. Overall meta-analysis of 10 trials involving 699 participants demonstrated a small but significant effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for ADHD (standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.31 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.160.47), z=4.04, p~0.0001). Headaches, irritability and stress have also been reported. Pilot Research Award (MHB), the Trichotillomania Learning Center (MHB), National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (MHB), and UL1 RR024139 from the National Center for Research Resources, a component of NIH, and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research (MHB). We also examined the effect of omega-3 supplementation on parent ratings of ADHD symptoms. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 4.2.5. Dunnick JK, Hailey JR. The effect size of 0.31 reported for omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, although significant is quite modest. ADHD, which stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, refers to symptoms such as inattentiveness and hyperactivity. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Klein RG, Landa B, Mattes JA, Klein DF. One randomized controlled trial was excluded because it included supplementation with additional psychoactive substances (including Gingko Biloba, l-glutamate, Grapine, Melissa officinalis and dimethylaminoethanol).34 Two randomized controlled trials were excluded because they used number of DSM ADHD symptoms present rather than a rating scale to assess ADHD severity.35, 36 Two trials were additionally excluded because they studied omega-6 rather than omega-3 fatty acid supplementation.37, 38. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18(12). There were no language limitations. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Youths with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials and Biological Studies. Note: Twelve trials involving 735 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were included in this meta-analysis. Before Meta-regression demonstrated no significant relationship between trial duration and measured efficacy of supplementation (=0.002 (95% CI: 0.0040.007), t=0.63, p=0.55). When methylphenidate is combined with Omega 3, these side-effects occur less frequently. For our primary analysis examining the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids for ADHD symptoms we used a significance threshold of p<0.05. Connor DF, Fletcher KE, Swanson JM. Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine. The site is secure. Voigt RG, Llorente AM, Jensen CL, Fraley JK, Berretta MC, Heird WC. Goldman LS, Genel M, Bezman RJ, Slanetz PJ. Our goal was to conduct a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in ADHD. Disclosure: Drs. The value of Omega 3 in children and young people with ADHD. When both parents and teachers completed the same rating scale, we used the responding group which had the greatest number of completed rating scales. Note: ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In secondary analysis, we found no evidence that poor study quality or that inappropriate treatment of study dropouts in some studies affected overall findings. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the - Chang JP, Su KP, Mondelli V, Pariante CM. government site. adhd dha ratio oilswelove Formation of highly reactive cyclopentenone isoprostane compounds (A3/J3-isoprostanes) in vivo from eicosapentaenoic acid. Note: Scatterplot of measured efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in trials as a function of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) dose utilized. ketogenic Yes, and in fact the combination is beneficial. Additionally, many trials included in this analysis did not account for dropouts in their analysis method, which could introduce further bias into our results. Any significant findings should be regarded as exploratory because we did not adjust for inflation of false-positive error from our 13 secondary analyses. Teacher ratings of ADHD were not analyzed as an outcome because a minority of trials reported on this outcome. Correlation between changes in blood fatty acid composition and visual sustained attention performance in children with inattention: effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids containing phospholipids. Of note, EPA and not DHA supplementation has also been demonstrated to effective in omega-3 supplementation to treat depression.48 Oxidized derivatives of DHA are known to have pro-inflammatory effects, while oxidized derivatives of EPA have anti-inflammatory effects.49 Thus, in a situation of excess supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids EPA would still produce anti-inflammatory effects while DHA would not. In a comparative stidy, 70% of the children taking methylphenidate had significant loss of apetite, compared with only 33% of children who combined methylphenidate with Omega 3. The new PMC design is here! Two trials, Johnson 200839 (effect size=0.35, EPA dose=558mg weight=11.1%) and Richardson 200541 (effect size=0.36, EPA dose=558mg weight=17.3%) had overlapping point estimates on this figure. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. Meta-analysis found no evidence of publication bias or of significant heterogeneity between trials. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and can alter central nervous system cell membrane fluidity and phospholipid composition. Thus insufficient power in the original trials likely account for the different conclusion reached in this meta-analysis. Chalon S. Omega-3 fatty acids and monoamine neurotransmission. Meta-regression was performed in SPSS 19.0 using linear regression. There was no evidence of significant heterogeneity (Heterogeneity: Chi2 = 3.68, df = 10 (P = 0.96); I2 = 0%). Trials were considered randomized when investigators explicitly represented them as such in the methods section of their published manuscript. EFA supplementation in children with inattention, hyperactivity, and other disruptive behaviors. Although we reported a significant effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in treating ADHD symptomatology, there are several weaknesses and limitations to the current meta-analysis. Because the Omega 2 fatty acid DHA is a nutrient for the brain, it seemed reasonable to investigate whether it was possible to correct this slight deviation by taking more Omega 3. The relative efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation was modest compared to currently available pharmacotherapies for ADHD such as psychostimulants, atomoxetine or alpha-2 agonists. The mai These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Firstly, supplements of both EPA and DHA were tested in children and young people with ADHD. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. alpha-linolenic acid).14 A high omega-6 to omega-3 ratio can alter cell membrane properties and increase production of inflammatory mediators because arachidonic acid, an omega 6 fatty acid found in cell membranes, is the precursor of inflammatory eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins and thromboxanes.15 By contrast, omega-3 fatty acids are anti-inflammatory.15 Therefore, a high dietary omega-6 to omega-3 fatty ratio could promote neuroinflammation Increased omega-3 fatty acid concentration in the diet may also act by altering central nervous system cell membrane fluidity and phospholipid composition which may alter the structure and function of the proteins embedded in it.16 By this mechanism, increased omega-3 fatty acid concentrations in cell membranes have been shown to affect serotonin and dopamine neurotransmission especially in the frontal cortex.17, Through these mechanisms omega-3 fatty acid consumption has been hypothesized to alter risk for a variety of psychiatric conditions including psychosis, depression, dementia and ADHD.18, 19 Several studies have demonstrated differences in omega-3 fatty acid composition in plasma and in erythrocyte membranes in ADHD patients compared to unaffected controls.2026 Furthermore, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has been consistently demonstrated to alter cell membrane composition in vivo.25, 27, Several double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have been conducted to assess the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in the treatment of children with ADHD. benefits livestrong Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and depression: a review of the evidence and a methodological critique. Itomura M, Hamazaki K, Sawazaki S, Kobayashi M, Terasawa K, Watanabe S, et al. The target value for the EPA component of the supplement is at least 500 mg daily, particularly for dominant symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Vaisman N, Kaysar N, Zaruk-Adasha Y, Pelled D, Brichon G, Zwingelstein G, et al. Stevens LJ, Zentall SS, Deck JL, Abate ML, Watkins BA, Lipp SR, et al. However, given its relatively benign side-effect profile and evidence of modest efficacy, it may be reasonable to use omega-3 fatty supplementation to augment traditional pharmacological interventions or for families who decline all other psychopharmacological options. Studies were included in this meta-analysis if they were (1) randomized, placebo-controlled trials examining the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in children with ADHD or targeting ADHD symptoms in other children (undiagnosed or with comorbid conditions) and (2) used a validated rating scale to measure ADHD severity during the trial. Unless otherwise indicated, all trademarks are owned by Socit des Produits Nestl S.A., Vevey, Switzerland or used with permission. Psychotropic drug use in very young children. A fixed effects model was chosen for meta-analysis because this method is favored when testing for subgroup differences in stratified meta-analysis. Overall this meta-analysis demonstrates a small but statistically significant benefit of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in the treatment of ADHD. A funnel plot indicated no evidence of publication bias in the literature. EPA supplementation improves teacher-rated behaviour and oppositional symptoms in children with ADHD. There was no significant heterogeneity or publication bias evident for these measures. Given omega-3 fatty acid supplementation's modest efficacy compared to other available pharmacological treatments for ADHD, we would not recommend its use in lieu of traditional psychopharmacological agents for ADHD. Overall methodological quality of trials was assessed using the JADAD Scale.31, 32 We used the test for subgroup differences in RevMan to determine whether subgroups reduced overall heterogeneity.33. The results of the search were further limited to randomized control trials and meta-analyses. The results of these trials have been mixed leading to considerable confusion and controversy in the field. Inadequate blinding has the potential to introduce bias and can inflate estimates of efficacy. When it was combined with Omega 3, insomnia was no longer found. Martins JG. Four trials that used olive oil as the placebo demonstrated a modest effect size (SMD=0.36 (95% CI: 0.120.61), z=2.87, p=0.004)25, 41, 42 similar to that seen in trials using canola oil as a placebo (SMD=0.25 (95% CI: 0.050.55), z=1.62, p=0.11)43, 46 and individual trials that utilized vitamin C40, sunflower oil47 and palm oil45 as placebo. will also be available for a limited time. A controlled withdrawal study. Brooks JD, Milne GL, Yin H, Sanchez SC, Porter NA, Morrow JD. Methylphenidate and growth in hyperactive children. After over fifteen years of research, the verdict remains positive: the Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA have a place in tackling the symptoms of ADHD. The goal of this meta-analysis is to examine the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in children with ADHD. Data extraction was performed on specially designed Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. Our PubMED search identified 18 manuscripts that were potentially eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Laasonen M, Hokkanen L, Leppamaki S, Tani P, Erkkila AT. The adhd dha ratio oilswelove Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties.15 Omega-3 fatty acids are also known to alter cell membrane fluidity in the CNS which affects dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission.17 It remains unclear why supplementation with EPA may improve ADHD symptoms while supplementation with DHA may not to the same degree. Statistical estimates of heterogeneity were also assessed using the I-square heterogeneity statistic in RevMan. The efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation did not significantly (Test for subgroup differences: Chi2 = 0.12, df = 1 (P = 0.73), I2 = 0%) differ whether ADHD was the subjects' primary diagnoses (SMD=0.30 (95% CI: 0.130.47, z=3.42, p=0.0006) or whether ADHD symptoms were being targeted in another psychiatric condition (SMD=0.36 (95% CI: 0.040.69, z=2.18, p=0.03). methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine derivatives).4 Other medications such as atomoxetine, alpha-2 agonists and desipramine have also demonstrated efficacy in treating ADHD.57 However, many families elect not to use traditional pharmacotherapies to treat ADHD. Ten trials involving 699 children were included in this meta-analysis. Sampling request are managed by an external website, click "Continue" to go or "Cancel" to stay in this website. Any missing information was requested from the study investigators when possible. For instance, one recent systematic review published in the last year described the results of current trials in the area very disappointing with most randomized trials have clearly demonstrated lack of superiority or arbitrary findings (which may be a result of multiple analyses without appropriate statistical correction) compared with placebo.13 Another recent review, evaluating the same literature stated that the administration of specific combinations of long chain- polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) can have a positive effect in children with ADHD but that the optimum LC-PUFA composition and dose needs to be established.28. Sinn N, Bryan J. - Agostoni C, Nobile M, Ciappolino V, Delvecchio G, Tesei A, Turolo S, Crippa A, Mazzocchi A, Altamura CA10, Brambilla P. The Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Developmental Psychopathology: A Systematic Review on Early Psychosis, Autism, and ADHD. Experimental studies on the long-term effects of methylphenidate hydrochloride. Cortical atrophy in young adults with a history of hyperactivity in childhood.

Sitemap 28

atomstack laser engraver s10 pro

Cookie	Duration	Description
cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional	11 months	The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".
cookielawinfo-checkbox-others	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.
cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance	11 months	This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".
viewed_cookie_policy	11 months	The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.