convolvulus prostratus common name

It is known to cause a downregulation in the expression of cytokine mediators such as IL-8, MCP-1 and ICAM-1, thereby blocking the expression of cytokine-mediated adhesion molecules and therefore the fundamental process of leukocyteendothelial cell adhesion is deterred (Billore etal., 2005; Rathee etal., 2009). (2015). Besides, it also possesses several other therapeutic properties, such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and cardioprotective activities. CP also removes the excessive calcification formed at the cranio-cervical junction (F). Hepatoprotective potentials of aqueous extract of Convolvulus pluricaulis against thioacetamide induced liver damage in rats, Comparative nootropic effect of Evolvulus alsinoides and Convolvulus pluricaulis, Medhya rasayanas in brain function and disease. The fundamental bioactive compounds responsible for the nootropic activities of this herb have been identified as 4'-methoxy kaempferol, 7-methoxy quercetin, convolamine, scopoletin, ceryl alcohol, -sitosterol and hydroxy-cinnamic acid. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in developing countries: a symposium report, Radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities of Convolvulus microphyllus. AB and AV provided critical revision of this review article, and approved the manuscript for submission. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The animals did not show any toxicity or behavioural changes up to the dose of 5,000 mg/Kg (Agarwal etal., 2014). Possibly 'No' as it does not match with the photographs at eflora site: It has some resemblance to white variety of, Does not match with any species so far in efi site at, Forssk.,Fl. Authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of Dr. Shivam Singh and Dr. Swami Narsingh Dev at Patanjali Research Institute, for their help in data collection and processing. ) for e.g., quinones, microphyllic acid, 6-methoxy coumarin, 4'-methoxy kaempferol, 7-methoxy quercetin, vanillic acid, syringic acid and melilotic acid (Daniel, 2016). Constituents of Plants Growing in Qatar VII An examination of Certain Plants for Anti-Inflammatory Activity, Assessment of efficacy of Sankhahuli (Convolvulus pluricaulis Chois.) Kulkarni R., Girish K. J., Kumar A. ) (Malik etal., 2011; Amin etal., 2014; Siddiqui etal., 2014). Figure1A Antioxidant markers based TLC-DPPH differentiation on four commercialized botanical sources of Shankhpushpi (A Medhya Rasayana): A preliminary assessment. government site. 1775 (Syn: (=), I need id assistance of following 3 images belonging to. Modulation of PPAR expression and activity in response to polyphenolic compounds in high fat diets. Learn more There are various herbs which are used in traditional medicine for the management of neurodegenerative diseases, for instance: Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Catalogue of Life GRIN The Plant List 1 The Plant List 2Flora of PakistanFlowers of India India Biodiversity Portal Shankhahulli Herb, Benefits, Information Herbal Monograph. 798), Convolvulus pluricaulis (Shankhapushpi) ameliorates human microtubule-associated protein tau (hMAP) induced neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease Drosophila model, Scopolin isolated from Erycibe obtusifolia Benth stems suppresses adjuvant-induced rat arthritis by inhibiting inflammation and angiogenesis. Herbal medicines in neurodegenerative disorders: an evolutionary approach through novel drug delivery system, A novel mechanism of action and potential use for lobeline as a treatment for psychostimulant abuse. 8600 Rockville Pike 1 post by 1 author. B., Prasad S., Reuter S., Kannappan R., R Yadav V., Park B., et al. These phytoconstituents most probably act as GABA-A-benzodiazepine agonists and bind to the GABA-A-benzodiazepine receptors, thereby causing an increase in the chloride ion flux and consequent hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. . Aleebrahim-Dehkordy E., Tamadon M. R., Nasri H., Baradaran A., Nasri P., Beigrezaei S. (2017). It ultimately acts as a sedative moiety which initiates a persistent fall in blood pressure and cardiac contraction, thereby managing neurological pathologies, such as anxiety, insanity and epilepsy (Chaudhary, 1996). Shankhapushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy): Validation of the Ayurvedic therapeutic claims through contemporary studies. (B) Main mechanisms and phytoconstituents responsible for neuro-pharmacological activities of C. prostratus (CP). (2018). A few examples of such marketed herbal pharmaceutical formulations include Patanjali Divya Shankhpushpi Churna, Divya Pharmacy Shankhpushpi Sharbat, Baidyanath Shankhpushpi Sharbat, Dabur Shankhpushpi Syrup, Biotrex Shankhpushpi, Maxmind capsule, Herbal Hills Shankhpushpi Tablets and many more (Bhowmik etal., 2012). Additionally, food grade CP powder and syrups are also available in the market for being used as a nutraceutical nootropic supplement, for example, Divya Pharmacy Shankhpushpi Sharbat, Baidyanath Shankhpushpi Sharbat, Shivalik Herbals Shankhpushpi Nutraceutical Capsules and Veg E Wagon Shankhpushpi Powder (Bhowmik etal., 2012). (2013). Hence, the presence of phytoconstituents such as convolvine might be responsible for endowing CP with the abilities to regulate all the neuronal factors/proteins and enzymes, thereby showcasing its evident neuroprotective status (Sethiya etal., 2009; Ray and Ray, 2015). Vossel K. A., Zhang K., Brodbeck J., Daub A. C., Sharma P., Finkbeiner S., et al. Synthesis of convolinine and cytotoxic activity of alkaloids of the genus Convolvulus and their derivatives, Vinholes J., Silva B. M., Silva L. R. (2015). EPM test has mainly been used to investigate the interactions between aversive memory and anxiety responses of the mice. (2007). One such example is Convolvulus prostratus Forssk. Hence, natural compounds serve as the holistic option which act on multiple neural targets and are enriched with free radical scavenging polyphenolic compounds (Park etal., 2018). Arab. Interestingly, the Shankhpushpi syrup and its isolated compounds (Scopoletin and Bacoside A) also exhibited evident anti-oxidant activity as evaluated by using DPPH assay with average IC50 value ranging from 0.94 - 2.39% v/v (Jain etal., 2017; Rachitha etal., 2018). Conveyed your message to them that more details are required. John Norton et al. The anti-ulcerogenic effect was largely observed due to upregulation of mucosal defensive factors such as mucin and glycoprotein secretion, which in turn was induced by the flavonoids and steroids present in this herb (Srinivas etal., 2013). Review of possible mechanisms of analgesic effect of herbs and herbal active ingredient. Park C., Moon D. O., Rhu C. H., Choi B. T., Lee W. H., Kim G. Y., et al. about navigating our updated article layout. Bhalerao and co-workers have found that the chloroform fraction isolated from the CP ethanolic extract reversed the reserpine-induced extension of immobility period of mice in Forced Swim Test (FST), and elicited a significant antidepressant effect by interaction with adrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (Bhalerao etal., 2014). WHO guided real time stability testing on Shankhpushpi Syrup. Figure 1B Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India. Billore K. V., Yelne M. B., Dennis T. J., Chaudhari B. G. (2005). Furthermore, no inflammation was observed in the heart and liver (Ravichandra etal., 2013). mail to [emailprotected] or [emailprotected]2. AB conceived the presented research. (2014). More specifically, a compound, namely, 29-oxodotriacontanol, isolated from the CP herb has also been assessed to possess antimicrobial and anti-fungal activity (Amin etal., 2014). All the above mentioned ethnomedicinal uses of C. prostratus have been tabulated in Plants traditionally used in age related brain disordersA survey of ethnobotanical literature. Convolvulus prostratus Forssk., a nootropic herb used in traditional medicinal systems, is also frequently known by its taxonomic synonym Convolvulus pluricaulis. Similarly, in the cosmeceutical industry, the CP herb is used as a general tonic for rejuvenating the skin and hairs, thereby treating skin related ailments as well as keratogenic disorders. Certain flavonoids and phenyl-propanoids from CP have been shown to provide anti-platelet aggregation and anti-ulcerogenic activity by means of inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase enzyme and clot retraction capabilities (Beretz and Cazenave, 1991; Tognolini etal., 2006). CP also acts as GABA-A agonists and binds to lateral prefrontal cortex (O) and anterior cingulate cortex (N). Moreover, CP activates the hypoactive regions situated in the prefrontal cortex (shaded pink area; O), and deactivates hyperactive regions situated in the anterior cingulate cortex (shaded green area; N). This medicinal herb has been reported to contain many bioactive phytoconstituents, such as, alkaloid (convolamine), flavonoid (kaempferol) and phenolics (scopoletin, -sitosterol and ceryl alcohol), that have been ascribed to the observed medicinal properties. Balaji K., Hean K. C., Ravichandran K., Shikarwar M. (2014). Several drug delivery vehicles and nano-formulations have been devised so as to facilitate the targeted delivery of the drug to the site of action, i.e., the central nervous system, thereby bypassing the blood brain barrier (Saraiva etal., 2016; Tonda-Turo etal., 2018). 203. Moreover, the CP powder and juice, such as, Jain Shankhpushpi Powder and Axiom Jeevan Ras Shankhpushpi Juice, are also being used as skin mask for rejuvenating the skin and managing skin problems such as acne, blemishes and sun spots (Hindu, 2012). Bihaqi S. W., Singh A. P., Tiwari M. (2012). Such anti-spasmodic action is linked to the inhibition of acetylcholine production which is mainly brought about by the specific alkaloid present in this CP herb, convolvine (Amin etal., 2014). This phytoconstituent acts as a cardiac depressant, ultimately leading to a fall in blood pressure, which gets gradually normalised (Dwoskin and Crooks, 2002; Sethiya etal., 2009). Besides Ayurveda, C. prostratus (CP) has also been used in Siddha system of medicine, wherein an oil obtained from this plant is used as a keratogenic agent for promoting hair growth (Gogte, 2012). Besides, role of C. prostratus extracts in neurodegeneration has been well demonstrated. and gokhru (Tribulus terrestris L.) in the management of hypertension. Mechanistically, it reduces the spontaneous motor activity, thereby controlling the refluxes and frightening responses. Similarly, the iron oxide nanoparticles of the CP herb exhibited maximum tolerable dose up to 2,000 mg/Kg in Swiss albino mice with no clinical signs of toxicity. My apologies, sir, I got this photo from somebody else. Bihaqi S. W., Sharma M., Singh A. P., Tiwari M. (2009). Several other hydrocarbons, namely, 1- pentyl-2-tridecanyl cyclopentyl cyclohexane carboxylate, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 10-bromodecanoic acid, 1-octadecanesulphonyl chloride, 2-butanone, 2-pentanol, 7- hydroxyheptadecanyl-1,7, 17-tricarboxylic acid, ascorbic acid, cyclononasiloxane, cyclo-octadecanyl methanol, decanoic acid, dicyclohexyl cyclo-octyl acetic acid, eicosane, heneicosane, hydroxy cinnamic acid, octatriacontyl pentafluoropropionate, pentadecyl 2-propyl ester, pentanoic acid, pentyl hexacosanoate, phthalic acid, silane, squalene, tetracyclohexanyl caproate and tridecane are also found in the extract of the CP plant (Bhalerao etal., 2014; Malik etal., 2016; Rachitha etal., 2018; Sultana etal., 2018). According to the ancient literature, this herb has been attributed with several therapeutic properties, such as anxiolytic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, analgesic, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and cardioprotective activities. In Indian medicinal system Ayurveda it is named as Shankhpushpi. Prats E., Bazzalo M. E., Len A., Jorrn J. V. (2006). Production of triterpenoid anti-cancer compound taraxerol in Agrobacterium-transformed root cultures of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.). Furthermore, the choline acetyl transferase enzyme is essential for the synthesis of neurotransmitter acetylcholine; and the nerve growth factor-tyrosine kinase A receptor is necessary for binding of the neuronal trophic factors, thereby ensuring the survival of the neurons (Johnson etal., 2018; Indo, 2018). Additionally, the presence of vitamin E in this herb also aids in controlling the levels of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, thereby leading to an escalation in the antioxidant defense system (Cowan, 1999; Nasri etal., 2015; Domnguez-Avila etal., 2016; Foretz etal., 2018). It has also been observed that the ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of CP have shown appreciable results (IC50 ~ 0.07 mg/mL and 0.075 mg/mL, respectively), as observed in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Other collections of pictures from Qatar: Full names, synonyms, and classification of plants were found online from catalogueoflife.org and theplantlist.org Indeed, oral administration of the ethanolic extract of the CP leaves at dose of 800 mg/Kg, showed significant inhibition of rat paw edema, in the Carrageenan-induced paw edema and Cotton pellet-induced granuloma animal models (Agarwal etal., 2014). : 2 posts by 2 authors. The fundamental mechanism behind such evident anti-convulsing activity of CP might be the presence of coumarins and triterpenoids (Quintans Jnior etal., 2008). AV investigated and supervised the findings of the work. Sun H., Wang L., Zhang B., Ma J., Hettenhausen C., Cao G., et al. ) are responsible for such evident neuro-pharmacological profile of the CP plant (Nolte, 1999; Carter, 2014). Reported mechanisms of CNS action of CP phyto-constituents has been depicted in these schematics, with putative site of action has been marked with fluorescent green blobs. Nasri H., Shirzad H., Baradaran A., Rafieian-Kopaei M. (2015). The .gov means its official. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the CP leaves have been evaluated for acute oral toxicity study in albino Wistar rats. CP reduces the lesions formed in the hippocampus (A); and amyloid plaque accumulation in hippocampus (A), cortex (P), basal ganglia (M) and cerebellum (E). Agarwa P., Sharma B., Fatima A., Jain S. K. (2014). The site is secure. Moreover, treatment with alcoholic extract of CP plant led to an increase in the average time-span spent by mice in the enclosed arm of plus maze model, and an escalation in the mean avoidance response on the jumping box model (Rawat and Kothiyal, 2011). 2009, Ali Al-Rawi, Flowering plants of Kuwait, 1985, Flora of Eastern Saudi Arabia by Rain and Dust at Flickr. Additionally, one of the revered ancient Indian medical practitioner, Acharya Charaka had used white-flowered variety of C. prostratus (Shankhpushpi) along with the juice of Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi), Acorus calamus (Vacha) and Saussurea lappa (Kushtha) for alleviating insanity and epilepsy. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Convolvine also aids in potentiating the effect of another muscarinic memory enhancer, namely, arecoline, thereby imparting nootropic abilities to CP (Sethiya etal., 2009). Similarly, in Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) analysis, aqueous CP extract has been found to be potentially active with anti-oxidant capacity of 460 8 ascorbic acid equivalent/mg of the extract (Jain etal., 2011). Table 1 These flavonoids also pose the profound effects on the thyroid hormone regulation and deiodinase-1 inhibition, thereby endowing this herb with anti-thyroid activity (Nagarathna and Jha, 2013). CP plant is known to contain kaempferol, -sitosterol, N-hexacosanol, taraxerol, taraxerone, delphinidine and hydroxy-cinnamic acid as the major phyto-constituents, as depicted in Why restricted in posting only one image? The present review is attempted to showcase the phytochemical profile, pharmacological attributes and medicinal information of C. prostratus; with comprehensive research gap analysis. PT analyzed the information, generated the artwork, and co-wrote the manuscript. aegypt.-arab. In addition, detailed mechanistic studies are yet to be executed to unravel the underlying mechanism of action for this cognition enhancing herb. Supplementation of Convolvulus pluricaulis attenuates scopolamine-induced increased tau and Amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression in rat brain. (Syn. FOIA The new PMC design is here! Sethiya N. K., Nahata A., Mishra S. H., Dixit V. K. (2009). For better viewing of species' pages, colour scheme & formatting is being followed as: Description of the species, Details of other flora species on the same page, Uses/ harms, Distribution, Abundance/ Location/ Flowering time & date, Habit & habitat, Etymology & pronunciation, Other interesting information, stories etc., Others, Botanical names, Common names, Main point of discussion below, Discussion about Botanical names. This formulation is mainly used for the management of insomnia, drug addiction and hypertension (Bhutya, 2011). kaempferol; hydroxy cinnamic acid; -sitosterol; and carbohydrates such as glucose, rhamnose, sucrose etc., which endow this plant with nootropic capabilities. Additionally, CP removes the formation of thrombus in the carotid artery (G). Chemical composition, antioxidant potential, macromolecule damage and neuroprotective activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis, Anticonvulsant activity of Shankhapuspi (Convolvulus pluricaulis Chois) on Strychnine induced seizure in experimental animals. Moreover, crossing the blood brain barrier after strenuous systemic administration is another challenge. It is estimated that by next decade, mental and behavioural disorders will lead to a reduction in the average life expectancy, nearly by one-fifth proportion (Lopez and Murray, 1998). This Medicinal plants-related article is a stub. Most of the neurodegenerative disorders are progressive in nature, and the cycle of etiological events usually have an early-onset which might get unnoticed or under-detected. Table 2 Quercetin inhibits the expression and function of the androgen receptor in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted In such a scenario, safer herbal alternative medicines play a vital role in managing the neurological etiologies. It is also believed that a paste prepared from its roots and flowers act as anti-aging agents, thereby indicating its apparent anti-oxidant activity (Adams etal., 2007). Dubey S. K., Singhvi G., Krishna K. V., Agnihotri T., Saha R. N., Gupta G. (2018). Xing N., Chen Y., Mitchell S. H., Young C. Y. An update on Ayurvedic herb Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy, Screening of anti-inflammatory and anti-analgesic activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis choisy. Effect of Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy in obsessive compulsive disorder using animal models. Gapparov A. M., Okhunov I. I., Aripova S. F., Nabiev A., Khuzhaev V. U. Report submitted to the National Commission of Macroeconomics and Health. Moreover, an alkaloid, namely, convolvine present in this herb has also been found to block cholinergic muscarinic receptors: M2 and M4. Singh V. K., Govil J. N., Hashmi S., Singh G. (2003). for a possibility to participate in their field excursions and to learn about local nature. (2006). In a study, Rawat and Kothiyal have also found that the aquo-methanolic, ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts isolated from CP (50400 mg/Kg) exhibited anxiolytic, memory-enhancing and nootropic activity as evaluated by using Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and step-down models in mice. C. prostratus is extensively used in pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and nutraceutical industries (Jalwal etal., 2016). It has been studied for use as anticonvulsant with mixed results.[3]. In addition, CP is known to be a good source of vitamins and minerals, namely, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, zinc, vitamin C and E (Sethiya etal., 2010; Babu etal., 2015). Anyways, looks matching with the limited image! (2018). The histopathology of brain also did not show any aberrations or degeneration of neurons. Such anxiolytic activity can be linked with the hypotensive effect of this herb, which in turn is attributed to the presence of GABA-A-benzodiazepine agonists, such as convolamine and scopoletin ( Five hundred mg/Kg concentration of the CP extracts have shown statistically significant (p < 0.001) protection against strychnine and PTZ induced clonic convulsions (Ratha and Mishra, 2012; Siddiqui etal., 2014). For better viewing of species' pages, colour scheme & formatting is being followed as: Species- Ferns (families, genera, species), Species- Fungi (Phylum, Class, Family, Genus, Species), Species- others (families, genera, species), Convolvulaceae Week: Convolvulus prostratus from Delhi, Convolvulus prostratus..Indira Park,Ambala cantt,dated 26th april 2013. National Library of Medicine Nootropic herbs (Medhya Rasayana) in Ayurveda: an update, Development of high performance thin layer chromatography method for the determination of scopolin in convolvulus pluricaulis chois, Hypolipidemic effect of Convolvulus microphyllus in cholesterol fed gerbils (Meriones hurrinae Jerdon), Nootropic, anxiolytic and CNS-depressant studies on different plant sources of shankhpushpi. The aqueous extract of the roots of C. prostratus inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) within the cortex and hippocampus of male Wistar rats, that have been intoxicated with scopolamine. Fungitoxic effect of scopolin and related coumarins on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum - A way to overcome sunflower head rot. All of these stated medicinal utilities of C. prostratus (CP) have been attributed to various phytoconstituents, belonging to the chemical family of alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins and polyphenols. Moreover, Trans-01 significantly attenuated the elevated corticosteroid levels, thereby indicating a significant anti-depressant activity of this formulation (Shalam etal., 2007). In-Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Methanolic Extract of Convolvulus pluricaulis, Preliminary pharmacological studies on Convolvulus pluricaulis choisan Indian indigenous herb, Chemical investigation of Convolvulus pluricaulis Chois, Old and new natural products as the source of modern antithrombotic drugs. In Ayurveda, this herb is classically described as a memory and intellect booster. Shankpushpi- which species? A comparative ethno-botanical study of Cholistan (an arid area) and Pothwar (a semi-arid area) of Pakistan for traditional medicines, Attenuating effect of bioactive coumarins from Convolvulus pluricaulis on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice, ). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). More specifically, in ancient texts, this plant has been mentioned as sara, medhya, vrsya and rasayana, which refers to the laxative, nootropic, aphrodisiac and rejuvenator properties of this herb, respectively. Kaempferol suppresses collagen-induced platelet activation by inhibiting NADPH oxidase and protecting SHP-2 from oxidative inactivation, Current research on antiepileptic compounds. B., et al. An official website of the United States government. Nisar S. S., Khan A. Received 2019 Sep 16; Accepted 2020 Feb 7. Besides, this plant has manifold therapeutic utilities, wherein, a decoction of its shoots is used as a remedy for anaemia and weakness (Singh etal., 2003). The treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases by integrative medicine. Cognitive dysfunction is one of the major health problem in today's world, wherein the available synthetic chemotherapeutic modalities have proven to be non-absolute and, at times toxic in nature. (2012). (1985). Among these phytoconstituents, certain compounds are known to be present at a higher concentration (almost 20% w/w) and are known as major phyto-constituents. Isolation and characterization of glycosides from Convolvulus prostratus, Ficus virens, Phoenix dactifera, Spondias mangifera and Terminalia belerica. [2] The Ayurveda preparation shankapushpi is, according to most sources, identical with Convolvulus prostratus, but some say shankapushpi is instead Clitoria ternatea. Scopoletin is a phytoalexin against Alternaria alternata in wild tobacco dependent on jasmonate signalling. There was increase in the time spent in open arms; and in the number of open arm entries upon the CP oral administration to mice at a dose of 200 mg/Kg (Bhalerao etal., 2014). (2014). It is believed to have demonstrated potential for anxiolytic, relaxant, and anti-obsessive effects, as well as nootropic effects. The natural plant products have negligible toxicities, if any, and are endowed with a multitude of phytoconstituents which are responsible for their holistic therapeutic action. Gururaj G., Girish N., Isaac M. K. (2005). A. CP plant also contains other alkaloids (convolamine, convosine, convoline, convolidine, convolvine, confoline, evolvine, phyllabine, subhirsine, sankhpuspine) (Agarwa etal., 2014; Balaji etal., 2014); anthroquinones; carbohydrates (D-glucose, sucrose, rhamnose, maltose) (Dhingra and Valecha, 2007; Bhowmik etal., 2012; Agarwa etal., 2014); coumarins (ayapanin, scopolin, scopoletin); flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin) (Lal, 2014); glycosides (geranilan-3-ol-1-carboxylate-1-O--D-xylopyranosyl-(21)-O--D-xylopyranoside (Sultana etal., 2018); phenolic compounds; steroids; tannins; and terpenoids (Ravichandra etal., 2013; Agarwa etal., 2014; Balaji etal., 2014; Malik etal., 2016). The chemotherapeutic moieties used currently for the treatment of neurological disorders face a daunting challenge of systemic delivery of the drugs to the central nervous system. The neuro-mechanistic aspects of this herb has been elucidated in Major phyto-constituents of Convolvulus prostratus (CP) with their reported medicinal utility. Phyto-constituents belonging to diverse chemical families, namely, coumarins, alkaloids and polyphenols (see In cholesterol-fed gerbils shankapushpi was observed to have significantly helped reduce serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides after ninety days. Wang S. B., Jang J. Y., Chae Y. H., Min J. H., Baek J. Y., Kim M., et al. Anti-nociceptive effect of 7-methoxy coumarin from Eupatorium Triplinerve vahl (Asteraceae), Medicinal plants: chemistry and properties, A selection of prime Ayurvedic plant drugs, Screening for antidepressant-like activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy in mice. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the f. & Thomson, Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Moreover, it has also been proposed that the anti-convulsant activity of a phyto-medicine is escalated by the presence of certain functional groups like, quinoline, quinazoline, thiazole, benzothiazines, oxadiazole, pyridine, pyrazole, imidazole, pyrimidine, phthalazine, triazine, triazoles, cyclopropane carboxylate, and oxime ether (Wei etal., 2015; Song and Deng, 2018). Tonda-Turo C., Origlia N., Mattu C., Accorroni A., Chiono V. (2018). Secondly, the muscarinic receptors bind to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, thereby facilitating the transmission of electrical signals within the central nervous system (Brown, 2018). A comprehensive review on shankhpushpi a morning glory. Tseomashko N. E., Terent'Eva E. O., Kodirova D. B., Okhunov I. I., Aripova S. F., Khashimova Z. S., et al. In India, an average of 65 people out of 1,000 inhabitants suffer from mental and behavioural disorders, wherein, maximum prevalence has been recorded for alcohol dependency afflicted mental disorders (~ 6% prevalence), child and adolescent behavioural disorders (~ 4.3% prevalence) and mood disorders (~ 1.6% prevalence). Neuro-and psychopharmacological investigation of the alkaloids convolvine and atropine, Review on ethnomedicinal uses and phytopharmacology of memory boosting herb , Studies on medicinal properties of Convolvulus pluricaulis and Boerhaavia diffusa, Study on antithyroid property of some herbal plants, Scopoletin has a potential activity for anti-aging. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Comparative screening of plant essential oils: phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity. will also be available for a limited time. 7), Regulation of neural ion channels by muscarinic receptors, The human brain book: An illustrated guide to its structure, function, and disorders. (2015). Such evident analgesic activity is cohesively attributed by flavonoids, volatile oils, alkaloids, polyphenols and organic acids by means of prevention of the formation of cyclooxygenase enzyme and prostaglandins, i.e., mediators of pain sensitization.

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